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• What is MS?
  • What Causes MS?
    • Viruses
    • Clusters
  • Types of MS
    • Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)
      • Symptoms and Diagnosis of CIS
      • Treatments of CIS
      • Support and Resources for Individuals with CIS
    • Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)
      • Diagnosing RRMS
      • Treating RRMS
    • Secondary progressive MS (SPMS)
      • Diagnosing SPMS
      • Treating SPMS
      • FAQs about SPMS
    • Primary progressive MS (PPMS)
      • Diagnosing PPMS
      • Treating PPMS
      • FAQs about PPMS
  • Definition of MS
    • Myelin
    • Immune-Mediated Disease
  • Understanding MS
  • Who Gets MS?
    • Factors in Distribution of MS
    • MS in the Black Community
    • MS in the Hispanic/Latinx Community
    • Pediatric MS
    • How Many People Live with MS?
  • Related Conditions
    • Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
      • Symptoms and Diagnosis of ADEM
      • Treatments of ADEM
      • Research in ADEM
      • Support and Resources for Individuals with ADEM
      • FAQs about ADEM
    • Balo’s Disease
      • Symptoms and Diagnosis of Balo's Disease
      • Treatments of Balo's Disease
      • Research in Balo's Disease
      • Support and Resources for Individuals with Balo's Disease
      • FAQs about Balo's Disease
    • HTLV-I Associated Myelopathy (HAM)
      • Symptoms and Diagnosis of HAM
      • Treatments of HAM
      • Research in HAM
      • Support and Resources for Individuals with HAM
      • FAQs about HAM
    • Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)
      • Symptoms and Diagnosis of NMO
      • Treatments of NMO
      • Research in NMO
      • Support and Resources for Individuals with NMO
    • Schilder's Disease
      • Symptoms and Diagnosis of Schilder's Disease
      • Treatments of Schilder's Disease
      • Research in Schilder's Disease
      • Support and Resources for Individuals with Schilder's Disease
      • FAQs about Schilder's Disease
    • Transverse Myelitis
      • Symptoms and Diagnosis of Transverse Myelitis
      • Treatments of Transverse Myelitis
      • Research in Transverse Myelitis
      • Support and Resources for Individuals with Transverse Myelitis
      • FAQs about Transverse Myelitis
• Symptoms & Diagnosis
  • MS Symptoms
    • MS Hug (Dysesthesia)
    • Fatigue
    • Walking (Gait) Difficulties
    • Numbness or Tingling
    • Spasticity
    • Weakness
    • Vision Problems
    • Vertigo and Dizziness
    • Bladder Problems
    • Sexual Problems
    • Bowel Problems
    • Pain & Itching
    • Cognitive Changes
    • Emotional Changes
    • Speech Problems
    • Loss of Taste
    • Swallowing Problems
    • Tremor
    • Seizures
    • Breathing Problems
    • Depression
    • Hearing Loss
  • Diagnosing MS
  • Possible MS
  • Newly Diagnosed
  • Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)
  • Other Conditions to Rule Out
    • Lyme Disease
    • Lupus
    • Neuromyelitis Optica
    • Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
  • For Clinicians
• Treating MS
  • Comprehensive Care
    • Developing a Healthcare Team
    • Make the Most of Your Healthcare Provider Visits
      • Tips for Successful Telemedicine
    • Advance Medical Directives
  • Find Doctors & Resources
  • Medications
    • Adherence
    • Patient Assistance Programs
    • Meds Used Off Label
    • Make Medications Accessible
      • Recommendations
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      • Progress to Date
    • Adderall
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    • Celexa
    • Cialis
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    • Copaxone
    • Cymbalta
    • Dantrium
    • DDAVP Nasal Spray
    • Decadron
    • Deltasone
    • Detrol
    • Dimethyl Fumarate
    • Ditropan
    • Ditropan XL
    • Dulcolax and Bisacolax
    • Effexor
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    • Enablex
    • Enemeez
    • Extavia
    • Fleet Enema
    • Flomax
    • Gilenya
    • Glatiramer Acetate
    • Glatopa
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    • Neurontin
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    • Solu-Medrol
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    • Generic and Biosimilar - Medications
      • Frequently Asked Questions: Generic and Biosimilar - Medications
  • Managing Relapses
    • Plasmapheresis
  • Rehabilitation
    • Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)
  • Complementary & Alternative Medicines
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      • FAQs
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  • For Clinicians
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• Resources & Support
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      • Taking the First Steps
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    • Live Fully, Live Well
    • Everyday Matters
      • Happiness As A Habit
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      • The Tetris Effect
      • Success Through Resilience
      • The Zorro Circle
      • The Path of Least Resistance
      • Building Your Community
      • Keeping the Momentum Going
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      • Causes and Risks Associated with Falls
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      • Virtual Resilience Toolkit
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  • Find Support
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• Living Well with MS
  • Diet, Exercise & Healthy Behaviors
    • Diet & Nutrition
      • Dietary Studies in MS
      • Guide to Understanding Clinical Research Studies
      • Vitamin D, Biotin & Omega-3
      • Salt, Gluten & Dairy in MS
      • Take Control of Your Weight
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    • Unhealthy Habits
    • Managing MS and Another Condition
      • Multiple Diagnoses
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    • Managing Your MS
  • Emotional Well-Being
    • Mood Changes
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    • Building Spirituality into Your Life
  • Cognitive Health
  • Work and Financial Life
    • Employment
      • Disclosure Decisions
        • Should I Tell?
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        • How Much Should I Tell?
        • Support for Your Decision
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• aHSCT in MS
• Research
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        • Society-funded CCSVI research
    • Stem Cells in MS
      • Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplant – HSCT
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  • Research We Fund
    • Stopping MS In Its Tracks
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  • COVID-19 Vaccine Guidance for People Living with MS
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  • En Español
    • Recomendaciones sobre las vacunas contra el COVID-19 para las personas con esclerosis múltiple
      • Coordinación de los medicamentos para la esclerosis múltiple y las vacunas contra el COVID-19
      • Vacunas contra el COVID-19 para Niños y Adolescentes con EM y Trastornos Relacionados
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