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  1. CSF and Lumbar Punctures | National MS Society

    https://www.nationalmssociety.org/Symptoms-Diagnosis/Diagnosing-Tools/Cerebrospinal-Fluid-(CSF) What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Its primary function is to cushion the brain within the skull and serve as a shock absorber for the central nervous system.
  2. Cognitive changes and multiple sclerosis | National MS Society

    https://www.nationalmssociety.org/Symptoms-Diagnosis/MS-Symptoms/Cognitive-Changes Cognitive Changes. In this article. Overview of cognitive changes and multiple sclerosis. Cognition refers to a range of high-level brain functions including your ability to: Learn and remember information. Organize, plan and problem-solve. Focus, maintain and shift attention. Understand and use language. Accurately perceive the environment.
  3. Demyelinating Disease Signs & Symptoms | National MS Society

    https://www.nationalmssociety.org/For-Professionals/Clinical-Care/Diagnosing-MS/Signs-and-Symptoms-Consistent-with-Demyelinating-D/Neuroinflammatory-Disorders Symptomatic cerebral syndrome with NMOSD-typical brain lesions; More common in non-Caucasians, especially Asians; Important to rule out sarcoid, SLE, Sjogrens or other vasculitis; Symptoms: Optic neuritis (see above) Transverse myelitis (see above) Intractable hiccups or nausea and vomiting; Resources: National MS Society
  4. MOGAD Disorder and Multiple Sclerosis | National MS Society

    https://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-is-MS/Related-Conditions/MOGAD What is MOGAD? Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune disorder that shares some symptoms with multiple sclerosis and may be misdiagnosed as MS. It is associated with the presence of antibodies directed against MOG.
  5. Demyelination and MS | National MS Society

    https://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-is-MS/Definition-of-MS/Demyelination-and-Multiple-Sclerosis The myelin coating, or sheath, around nerves. Nerve fibers (axons) Cells that make myelin (oligodendrocytes) The damaged areas develop scar tissue, or sclerosis. This gives the disease its name — multiple areas of scarring, or “multiple sclerosis.”
  6. Lyme Disease: Conditions to Rule Out | National MS Society

    https://www.nationalmssociety.org/Symptoms-Diagnosis/Other-Conditions-to-Rule-Out/Lyme-Disease What is Lyme disease? Lyme disease is a tick-borne illness that causes symptoms such as fever, headache, stiff neck, fatigue and muscle and joint pains. It’s caused by a bacterium known as Borrelia burgdorferi, which is carried by a deer tick. Those bitten by an infected tick may develop the first signs of Lyme disease within days or months.
  7. Other Conditions to Rule Out | National MS Society

    https://www.nationalmssociety.org/Symptoms-Diagnosis/Other-Conditions-to-Rule-Out Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) — An inherited disease that primarily affects small blood vessels in the white matter of the brain, causing numerous progressive neurologic symptoms.
  8. Experts Review Recent Clinical Trials in Progressive MS and Outline ...

    https://www.nationalmssociety.org/About-the-Society/News/Experts-Review-Recent-Clinical-Trials-in-Progressi February 15, 2024. International collaborators led by Professor Jeremy Chataway (University College London) have published an overview of recently completed and ongoing clinical trials involving people with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis.
  9. Demyelinating Disease Signs & Symptoms | National MS Society

    https://www.nationalmssociety.org/For-Professionals/Clinical-Care/Diagnosing-MS/Signs-and-Symptoms-Consistent-with-Demyelinating-D Oscillopsia. Diplopia. Nystagmus. Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO) Motor. Muscle weakness. Spasticity. Hyperreflexia. Gait disturbance. Imbalance problems. Sensory. Numbness. Paresthesias. Dysesthesias. Lhermitte’s sign. Trigeminal neuralgia. Allodynia. Proprioception deficits. Cerebellar. Tremor. Ataxia. Incoordination. Genitourinary.
  10. How Common is Multiple Sclerosis? | National MS Society

    https://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-is-MS/Who-Gets-MS/How-Many-People The Society funded a comprehensive study, published in the February 15, 2019, online issue of Neurology, to address a longstanding need to have a more accurate estimate of the number of people over the age of 18 with MS in the U.S. The study brought together some of the best experts in neurology, epidemiology and statistics.
 
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