Timing MS Medications with COVID-19 Vaccines

Updated: May 12, 2023

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Based on expert consensus and available data, we offer the following guidance regarding COVID-19 vaccination for people on multiple sclerosis disease modifying therapies (DMTs). This guidance applies to people with MS ages 5 and older and only for the vaccines authorized for use for their age in the United States. We will update this guidance as new data are available.

General vaccine guidance

COVID-19 vaccines are safe for people with MS, and they are safe to use with MS DMTs. The risks of COVID infection far outweigh any potential vaccine risk, and persons with MS are encouraged to stay up to date with COVID vaccines. Most DMTs are not expected to affect the responses to these vaccines, though some (see details here) may make the vaccines less effective. Coordinating the timing of vaccine administration with these DMTs may provide the best vaccine response.

Given the potential serious health consequences of COVID-19, getting the vaccine as soon as possible may be more important than optimally timing the vaccine with your DMT.

The decision of when to get a COVID-19 vaccine should include an evaluation of your risk of COVID-19 and the current state of your MS. Work with your MS healthcare provider to determine the best schedule for you. If the risk of your MS worsening outweighs or is equal to your risk of contracting COVID-19, do not alter your DMT schedule and get a vaccine as soon as possible. If your MS is stable, consider the following adjustments in the administration of your DMT to enhance the effectiveness of the vaccine:

Beta interferons:

• Avonex, Betaseron, Extavia, Plegridy, Rebif

Glatiramer acetates:

• Copaxone, Glatopa and generic glatiramer

Aubagio, Bafiertam, generic dimethyl fumarate, Tecfidera, Vumerity, Tysabri 

Do not delay starting one of these medicines for your vaccine injection. If you are already taking one of these DMTs, no adjustments of your DMT administration are recommended.

Sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor modulators:

• Gilenya, Mayzent, Zeposia, Ponvory

If you are about to start one of these medicines, consider getting fully vaccinated* at least 2 weeks prior to starting your medicine. 

If you are already taking Gilenya, Mayzent, Zeposia or Ponvory, continue taking as prescribed and get vaccinated as soon as possible.

*Fully vaccinated=two doses of the mRNA (Pfizer BioNTech or Moderna) or one dose of the vector vaccine (J & J)

Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)

If you are about to start Lemtrada, consider getting fully vaccinated* at least 4 weeks before starting Lemtrada.

If you are already taking Lemtrada, consider getting vaccinated 24 weeks or more after the last Lemtrada dose.

If you are due for your next treatment course of Lemtrada, when possible, resume Lemtrada 4 weeks or more after getting fully vaccinated.

This suggested scheduling is not always possible and getting the vaccine may be more important than coordinating the timing of the vaccine with your Lemtrada dose. Work with your MS healthcare provider to determine the best schedule for you.

*Fully vaccinated=two doses of the mRNA (Pfizer BioNTech or Moderna) or one dose of the vector vaccine (J & J)

Oral cladribine (Mavenclad)

If you are about to start Mavenclad, consider getting fully vaccinated* at least 2 weeks prior to starting Mavenclad.

If you are already taking Mavenclad, the currently available limited data does not suggest that timing the vaccine with your Mavenclad dosing is likely to make a significant difference in vaccine response. Getting the vaccine may be more important than coordinating timing of the vaccine with your Mavenclad treatment.

If you are due for your next treatment course, when possible, resume Mavenclad 2-4 weeks after getting fully vaccinated.* Work with your MS healthcare provider to determine the best schedule for you.

*Fully vaccinated=two doses of the mRNA (Pfizer BioNTech or Moderna) or one dose of the vector vaccine (J & J)

Anti-CD20 monoclonal infusions (Ocrevus and Rituxan and biosimilars)

If you are about to start Ocrevus or Rituxan, consider getting fully vaccinated* at least 2 weeks prior to starting the infusions.

If you are already taking Ocrevus or Rituxan, the ideal time for vaccination is approximately 4 weeks before your next scheduled therapy. This suggested scheduling is not always possible and getting the vaccine may be more important than timing the vaccine with your MS medicine. Work with your MS healthcare provider to determine the best schedule for you.

*Fully vaccinated=two doses of the mRNA (Pfizer BioNTech or Moderna) or one dose of the vector vaccine (J & J)

Ofatumumab (Kesimpta)

If you are about to start Kesimpta, consider getting fully vaccinated* at least 2 weeks prior to starting Kesimpta.

If you are already taking Kesimpta, there is no data to currently guide timing of the vaccine in relation to your last DMT injection. Consider getting vaccinated 4 weeks after your last dose of Kesimpta. When possible, resume Kesimpta injections 4 weeks after getting fully vaccinated. This suggested scheduling is not always possible and getting the vaccine may be more important than timing the vaccine with your MS medicine. Work with your MS healthcare provider to determine the best schedule for you. 

*Fully vaccinated=two doses of the mRNA (Pfizer BioNTech or Moderna) or one dose of the vector vaccine (J & J)

High-dose steroids

Consider starting the vaccine injection(s) at least 3-5 days after the last dose of steroids.

Read our complete guidance on COVID-19 vaccines and on disease modifying therapies during COVID-19.

The National MS Society consulted the following individuals in the development of this guidance:

MS neurologists and experts

• ​Nancy Sicotte, MD, FAAN — Chair, National MS Society’s National Medical Advisory Committee, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA
• Brenda Banwell, MD — Chair, MS International Federation International Medical and Scientific Advisory Board (IMSB), University of Pennsylvania, USA
• Amit Bar-Or, MD, FRCPC — President, International Society for Neuroimmunology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
• Jorge Correale, MD — Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
• Anne Cross, MD, FAAN — Washington University and Secretary of Board of Governors of the Consortium of MS Centers, USA
• Jaime Imitola, MD, FAAN — University of Connecticut, UConn Health, USA
• Dorlan Kimbrough, MD — Duke University, USA
• Avindra Nath, MD — National Institutes of Health/National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
• Scott Newsome, DO, MSCS, FAAN, FANA — Johns Hopkins University and President of the Board of Governors of the Consortium of MS Centers, USA
• Penny Smyth, MD, FRCPC — University of Alberta, Canada
• Rachael Stacom, MS, ANP-BC, MSCN — Independence Care System, USA

• Julie Fiol, RN, MSCN — National MS Society, USA
• Pamela Kanellis, PhD — MS Society of Canada
• Julie Kelndorfer — MS Society of Canada
• Jennifer McDonell — MS Society of Canada
• Hope Nearhood, MPH, PMP — National MS Society, USA
• Leslie Ritter — National MS Society, USA

• Accelerated Cure Project for Multiple Sclerosis
• Americas Committee on Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis
• International Organization of Multiple Sclerosis Nurses
• MS Views and News
• Multiple Sclerosis Association of America
• Multiple Sclerosis Foundation
• United Spinal Association