Timing MS Medications with COVID-19 Vaccines

Updated June 9, 2021
Información disponible en español.

Based on expert consensus and available data, we offer the following guidance regarding COVID-19 vaccination for people on MS disease modifying therapies (DMTs). This guidance applies to people with MS ages 12 and older and only for the vaccines authorized for use for their age in the United States. This guidance will be updated as new data are available.
 
The Pfizer BioNTech, Moderna and Janssen/J&J vaccines are safe for people with MS, and they are safe to use with MS DMTs¹. The vaccines are not likely to trigger an MS relapse or have any impact on long-term disease progression. The risks of COVID infection far outweigh any potential vaccine risk, and persons with MS are encouraged to get the vaccine as soon as possible. Most DMTs are not expected to affect the responses to these vaccines, though some (see details below) may make the vaccines less effective. Coordinating the timing of vaccine administration with these DMTs may provide the best vaccine response².

Given the potential serious health consequences of COVID-19, getting the vaccine as soon as possible may be more important than optimally timing the vaccine with your DMT.

The decision of when to get the COVID-19 vaccine should include an evaluation of your risk of COVID-19, including your occupation, and the current state of your MS. Work with your MS healthcare provider to determine the best schedule for you. If the risk of your MS worsening outweighs or is equal to your risk of COVID-19, do not alter your DMT schedule and get the vaccine as soon as possible. If your MS is stable, consider the following adjustments in the administration of your DMT to enhance the effectiveness of the vaccine:

Beta interferons (Avonex, Betaseron, Extavia, Plegridy, Rebif), any glatiramer acetate (Copaxone, Glatopa and generic glatiramer), Aubagio, Bafiertam, generic dimethyl fumarate, Tecfidera, Vumerity, and Tysabri 

Do not delay starting one of these medicines for your vaccine injection. If you are already taking one of these DMTs, no adjustments of your DMT administration are recommended².

Sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor modulators (Gilenya, Mayzent, Zeposia, Ponvory)

If you are about to start one of these medicines, consider getting fully vaccinated* 2-4 weeks or more prior to starting your medicine.  If you are already taking Gilenya, Mayzent, Zeposia or Ponvory, continue taking as prescribed and get vaccinated as soon as possible.

*Fully vaccinated= two doses of the mRNA (Pfizer BioNTech or Moderna) or one dose of the vector vaccine (J&J)

Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)

If you are about to start Lemtrada, consider getting fully vaccinated* 4 weeks or more before starting Lemtrada. If you are already taking Lemtrada, consider getting vaccinated 24 weeks or more after the last Lemtrada dose². If you are due for your next treatment course, when possible, resume Lemtrada 4 weeks or more after getting fully vaccinated. This suggested scheduling is not always possible and getting the vaccine may be more important than coordinating timing of the vaccine with your Lemtrada dose. Work with your MS healthcare provider to determine the best schedule for you.
   
*Fully vaccinated= two doses of the mRNA (Pfizer BioNTech or Moderna) or one dose of the vector vaccine (J&J)

Oral cladribine (Mavenclad)

If you are about to start Mavenclad, consider getting fully vaccinated* 2-4 weeks prior to starting Mavenclad. If you are already taking Mavenclad, the currently available limited data does not suggest that timing of the vaccine in relation to your Mavenclad dosing is likely to make a significant difference in vaccine response. Getting the vaccine may be more important than coordinating timing of the vaccine with your Mavenclad treatment. If you are due for your next treatment course, when possible, resume Mavenclad 2-4 weeks after getting fully vaccinated*. Work with your MS healthcare provider to determine the best schedule for you.

*Fully vaccinated= two doses of the mRNA (Pfizer BioNTech or Moderna) or one dose of the vector vaccine (J&J)      

Anti-CD20 monoclonal infusions (Ocrevus and Rituxan and biosimilars)

If you are about to start Ocrevus or Rituxan, consider getting fully vaccinated* 2-4 weeks or more prior to starting the infusions. If you are already taking Ocrevus or Rituxan, consider getting vaccinated 12 weeks or more after the last DMT dose³. When possible, resume Ocrevus or Rituxan 4 weeks or more after getting fully vaccinated*. This suggested scheduling is not always possible and getting the vaccine may be more important than timing the vaccine with your MS medicine. Work with your MS healthcare provider to determine the best schedule for you.

*Fully vaccinated= two doses of the mRNA (Pfizer BioNTech or Moderna) or one dose of the vector vaccine (J&J)   

Ofatumumab (Kesimpta)

If you are about to start Kesimpta, consider getting fully vaccinated 2-4 weeks or more prior to starting Kesimpta. If you are already taking Kesimpta, there is no data to currently guide timing of the vaccine in relation to your last DMT injection. When possible, resume Kesimpta injections 2-4 weeks after getting fully vaccinated. This suggested scheduling is not always possible and getting the vaccine may be more important than timing the vaccine with your MS medicine. Work with your MS healthcare provider to determine the best schedule for you. 

*Fully vaccinated= two doses of the mRNA (Pfizer BioNTech or Moderna) or one dose of the vector vaccine (J&J)   

High-dose steroids

Consider starting the vaccine injection(s) at least 3-5 days after the last dose of steroids.

Read our complete guidance on COVID-19 vaccines. Read the complete MS Treatment Guidelines During COVID-19.

References

1. Farez M, Correale J, Armstrong M, et al. Practice guideline update summary: Vaccine-preventable infections and immunization in multiple sclerosis: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2019;93(13):584-594.
2. Ciotti J, Valtcheva M, and Cross A. Effects of MS disease-modifying therapies on responses to vaccinations: A review. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 2020;45:102439.
3. Bar-Or A, Calkwood J, Chognot C, et al. Effect of ocrelizumab on vaccine responses in patients with multiple sclerosis: The VELOCE study. Neurology 2020;95(14):e1999-e2008.

The National MS Society consulted the following individuals in the development of this guidance:

MS neurologists and experts

• ​Nancy Sicotte, MD, FAAN—Chair, National MS Society’s National Medical Advisory Committee, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA
• Brenda Banwell, MD— Chair of MS International Federation International Medical and Scientific Advisory Board (IMSB) – University of Pennsylvania, USA
• Amit Bar-Or, MD, FRCPC—President, International Society for Neuroimmunology - University of Pennsylvania, USA
• Jorge Correale, MD-- Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
• Anne Cross, MD, FAAN—Washington University and Secretary of Board of Governors of the Consortium of MS Centers, USA
• Jaime Imitola, MD, FAAN—University of Connecticut, UConn Health, USA
• Dorlan Kimbrough, MD—Duke University, USA
• Avindra Nath, MD—National Institutes of Health/National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
• Scott Newsome, DO, MSCS, FAAN, FANA—Johns Hopkins University and President of the Board of Governors of the Consortium of MS Centers, USA
• Penny Smyth, MD, FRCPC—University of Alberta, Canada
• Rachael Stacom, MS, ANP-BC, MSCN—Independence Care System, USA

Staff from MS Partner Organizations

• Julie Fiol, RN, MSCN—National MS Society, USA
• Pamela Kanellis, PhD—MS Society of Canada
• Julie Kelndorfer—MS Society of Canada
• Jennifer McDonell—MS Society of Canada
• Hope Nearhood, MPH, PMP—National MS Society, USA
• Leslie Ritter—National MS Society, USA

This guidance is endorsed by the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers and the following organizations:

• Accelerated Cure Project for Multiple Sclerosis
• Americas Committee on Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis
• International Organization of Multiple Sclerosis Nurses
• MS Views and News
• Multiple Sclerosis Association of America
• Multiple Sclerosis Foundation
• United Spinal Association